Definition of Enlightenment
The dictionary of the Royal
Spanish Academy ( RAE ) defines illuminism as the
school or the method of the enlightened . This is the doctrine followed
by members of a religious movement of the sixteenth century or
members of a sect of the eighteenth century .
In the first case, the followers of
the Enlightenment were known as enlightened . These people
considered that, through prayer and surrender to God , they reached a
state of perfection that allowed them to remain free of sin despite not doing
good deeds or practicing the sacraments.
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This kind of illuminism emerged in
Spanish territory and was considered heretical. The enlightened ones
maintained that they had no will of their own, but that God guided
their behavior: that is why they could not sin. Being directly led
by God , they rejected religious dogmas and the Church .
Enlightenment can also be linked to
the secret societythat, in the eighteenth century , promoted a
moral system that was opposite to that in force at the time. These
enlightened ones sought to perfect the world .
Enlightenment, on the other hand,
is often associated with the Enlightenment : a movement that sought
to impose the predominance of reason and knowledge as the engine of
progress. It was developed in the eighteenth century , known for
this reason as Siglo de las Luces .
According to the adepts of the
Enlightenment, knowledge was the necessary tool to build better
societies, where tyranny and ignorance did not take place.
"Dialectic of the
Enlightenment" or "Dialectic of the Enlightenment" ,
finally, is a work published in 1944 by Max Horkheimer and Theodor
Adorno . In it, these authors analyze fascism and mass culture and
reflect on reason in relation to the social system.